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M\u00f6glicherweise schon zu Beginn seiner Herrschaft, wahrscheinlich aber 333\/332 v. Chr., setzte Alexander den weit verbreiteten attischen Gewichtsstandard als verbindlich f\u00fcr die makedonische Gold- und Silberpr\u00e4gung fest (sein Vater hatte das Silbergeld noch zu einem leichteren Gewicht gepr\u00e4gt) und gab neues Geld in seinem Namen mit den Typen Herakles\/Zeus und Athena\/Nike aus. Damit war die Grundlage f\u00fcr eine einheitliche W\u00e4hrung im neu eroberten Alexanderreich gelegt. W\u00e4hrend der insgesamt elf Jahre andauernden Feldz\u00fcge in Asien (334\u2013323 v. Chr.) pl\u00fcnderten Alexanders Soldaten mehrere tausend Talente an Gold und Silber aus den Schatzkammern des persischen Gro\u00dfk\u00f6nigs. Damit war auch gleich zu Beginn die finanzielle Notlage des K\u00f6nigs bereinigt, denn Teile der Beute wurden zur Zahlung des Soldes verwendet. Allein im Jahre 331\/330 v. Chr. wurden so in Mesopotamien Edelmetallreserven im Werte von 180.000 Talenten Silber (also ungef\u00e4hr 4.715 Tonnen) erbeutet. Die Vorderseiten von Alexanders Tetradrachmen (Vierdrachmenst\u00fccken in Silber) zeigen das Bildnis des Herakles, des g\u00f6ttlichen Vorfahren der makedonischen K\u00f6nigsfamilie, mit dem Fell des nemeischen L\u00f6wen auf dem Kopf (damit wird ein fr\u00fcheres M\u00fcnzbild der makedonischen Herrscher vor Alexander wieder aufgegriffen). Die R\u00fcckseite stellt den G\u00f6ttervater Zeus sitzend auf einem Thron mit einem Adler in der Hand dar. Die Goldm\u00fcnzen (Statere) verweisen dagegen mit ihren Vorderseiten auf die G\u00f6ttin Athena, die hier einen korinthischen Helm tr\u00e4gt. Dies ist wahrscheinlich eine Anspielung auf den Korinthischen Bund, dessen Vorsteher der makedonische K\u00f6nig war. Die R\u00fcckseiten zeigen die G\u00f6ttin des Sieges, Nike, mit einem Kranz und einem Schiffsmast (stylis); hier also ein Hinweis auf die Vorherrschaft zur See. Alexanders M\u00fcnzen geben damit eine sorgf\u00e4ltig konstruierte Bildsprache wider, die zwischen dem Machtwillen des K\u00f6nigs und den teilweise nur widerwillig ihm im Rachekrieg gegen Persien folgenden griechischen Stadtstaaten vermittelt: Zeus und Herakles waren bei allen Griechen gleicherma\u00dfen popul\u00e4r und die siegreiche Nike verband alle in der Erinnerung an den ersten Seesieg gegen die Perser bei Salamis 480 v. Chr. Erst kurz vor 323 v. Chr. wird in einigen F\u00e4llen der K\u00f6nigstitel (gr. basileus) in die M\u00fcnzlegende mit aufgenommen. Nach antiken Ma\u00dfst\u00e4ben war Alexanders \u201eReichsgeld\u201c eine der ersten weltweiten W\u00e4hrungen der Geschichte. Zu seinen Lebzeiten wurde es in mindestens 26 M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten von Makedonien im Westen bis Babylon im Osten produziert. Nach Alexanders Tod im Jahre 323 v. Chr. setzten seine Nachfolger zun\u00e4chst die Pr\u00e4gungen fort, wobei einige der Diadochen auch ihren eigenen Namen hinzuf\u00fcgten. Sp\u00e4ter \u00fcbernahmen einzelne St\u00e4dte f\u00fcr bis zu 200 Jahre die Typen des Alexandergeldes.","year_from":"-336","year_until":"-80","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}