{"ikmk_id":"559","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Divus Victorinus","inventory_number":"M 5760","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/object?id=ID559","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":37,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/37","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster","publisher_isil":"https:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/orgsanisations\/DE-MUS-100214","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-100214","UID":"https:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/orgsanisations\/DE-MUS-100214\/ID559","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.uni-muenster.de\/Archaeologie\/numismatik\/index.shtml","author":"Hockmann, Silke; Landsmann, Tim-Luca"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"37","owner_name":"M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-100214","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-100214","owner_www_address":"http:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/archaeological_museum_wwu","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/37","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"774","nominal_de":"Doppeldenar (ANT)","nominal_en":"Double Denarius","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antoninianus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4417146-8","info_de":"Das von Kaiser Caracalla (Alleinherrschaft 211\u2013217 n. Chr.) im Jahre 215 eingef\u00fchrte neue Silbernominal im Wert von zwei Denaren. Entspricht im Gewicht zu Anfang anderthalb alten Denaren (ungef\u00e4hr 5 g), unterliegt aber im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. einem zunehmenden Verlust an Gewicht und Feinheit. \u00c4u\u00dferes Kennzeichen sind der Kaiserkopf mit der Strahlenkrone bzw. die Kaiserinnenb\u00fcste auf der Mondsichel auf der Vorderseite. Kaiser Aurelianus versucht 274 n. Chr. eine Reform des zwischenzeitlich zur Kupferm\u00fcnze abgesunkenen Doppeldenares (auch Aurelianus genannt). Die dort in Erscheinung tretenden Wertkennzeichen XX I bzw. K A (20 zu 1) sind in ihrer Bedeutung noch umstritten (gleich 20 Sesterzen bzw. 5 Denare oder doch eher Hinweis auf Feingehalt (20 unedle Teile auf eines aus Silber)). Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus endete die Geschichte des Doppeldenares. Die Bezeichnung \u201eAntoninianus\u201c (abgeleitet vom offiziellen Namen des Caracalla) ist eine moderne Sch\u00f6pfung in Ermangelung einer \u00fcberlieferten antiken Bezeichnung.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 31. 36.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/774"},"date_last":"2024-01-19 11:47:05","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"438","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/438","region_name":"Belgica","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"270","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/270","mint_name":"Trier","mint_name_de":"Trier","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/treveri","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247911"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"19 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"2.33 g","accession":"","access_year":"2016","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"12.07.2016","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"[DI]VO VICTORIN[O PIO]","image_description":"B\u00fcste des Victorinus n. r. mit Strahlenkrone.","foto_date":"2016-07-25","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"9","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n0\/559\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1484255808,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID559. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID559. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"CONSACR[A]TIO","image_description":"Adler steht mit halb ge\u00f6ffneten Schwingen auf einer Sphaira n. r., den Kopf n. l. gewandt, im Schnabel einen Kranz haltend.","foto_date":"2016-07-25","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"9","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n0\/559\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID559\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1484255808,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID559. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID559. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"Mairat 819 Nr. 886 (\"Cologne\", unter Tetricus, Emission 1, ca. Mitte 271 n.Chr.); G. Elmer, Die M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung der Gallischen Kaiser in K\u00f6ln, Trier und Mailand, BJb 146, 1941, 84 Nr. 785 (3. Emission, Anfang bis Ende 271 n. Chr.).<b>Zur Frage der Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tten, s. den Kommentar links unten unter dem Symbol der \"Gl\u00fchbirne\".<\/b>","comment":"Die M\u00fcnze wurde f\u00fcr den verg\u00f6ttlichten Kaiser Victorinus unter Tetricus I. (270-274) im Fr\u00fchjahr 271 n. Chr. gepr\u00e4gt. Victorinus ist der einzige Kaiser des Gallischen Sonderreichs, von dem sicher zu sagen ist, dass er konsekriert wurde. Dies geschah unter seinem Nachfolger Tetricus I., der zu diesem Anlass Konsekrationsantoniniane ausgab.\r\nDer Adler steht f\u00fcr die Apotheose des verstorbenen Kaisers und fungiert als Psychopompos. Der Divus verk\u00f6rpert Iupiter als h\u00f6chster Reichsgott.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":null,"description_de":"30 v. - 283 n. Chr.","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/4"},"year_start":"271","year_end":"271","date_verbal":"271 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":316,"souce":"Elmer, Gall. Kaiser","number":"785","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/50","items":{"7948":{"ikmk_person_id":"7948","title_de":"","first_name_de":"Hans-Joachim","last_name_de":"Pfeiffer","vitalDates":"","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Hans-Joachim","last_name_en":"Pfeiffer","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/7948":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/7948"},"year_from":"1987","year_until":"2016"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/54","items":{"1484":{"ikmk_person_id":"1484","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Victorinus","vitalDates":"-271 n. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"154","timeline_item":"Gallisches Sonderreich","description":"Die Identifizierung der Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tten im sog. Gallischen Sonderreich, bzw. konkret die Trennung zwischen K\u00f6ln und Trier war lange umstritten. Durch die Auswertung von Hortfunden (Brauweiler, 2 x Trier) und arch\u00e4ologischen Befunden (die offizielle M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte in Trier konnte 2005 ergraben werden) aus dem Umfeld der beiden Pr\u00e4georte scheint sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine neue Zuweisung durchzusetzen. Demnach ist mindestens von 268-274 n. Chr. (anders als im RIC oder bei Elmer) die Hauptm\u00fcnze (\"mint I\") unter Victorinus in Trier; \"mint II\" dagegen in K\u00f6ln zu verorten. Den Forschungsstand kritisch reflektierend und zusammenfassend: J. Mairat, Gallic Empire S. 23-50 (Kapitel 2).","year_from":"260","year_until":"274","autor":"Martin, Katharina"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}