{"ikmk_id":"568","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Victorinus","inventory_number":"M 5769","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/object?id=ID568","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":37,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/37","publisher_name":"Digitales M\u00fcnzkabinett der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnster","publisher_isil":"https:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/orgsanisations\/DE-MUS-100214","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-100214","UID":"https:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/orgsanisations\/DE-MUS-100214\/ID568","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.uni-muenster.de\/Archaeologie\/numismatik\/index.shtml"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"37","owner_name":"M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-100214","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-100214","owner_www_address":"http:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/archaeological_museum_wwu","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/37","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"774","nominal_de":"Doppeldenar (ANT)","nominal_en":"Double Denarius","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antoninianus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4417146-8","info_de":"Das von Kaiser Caracalla (Alleinherrschaft 211\u2013217 n. Chr.) im Jahre 215 eingef\u00fchrte neue Silbernominal im Wert von zwei Denaren. Entspricht im Gewicht zu Anfang anderthalb alten Denaren (ungef\u00e4hr 5 g), unterliegt aber im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. einem zunehmenden Verlust an Gewicht und Feinheit. \u00c4u\u00dferes Kennzeichen sind der Kaiserkopf mit der Strahlenkrone bzw. die Kaiserinnenb\u00fcste auf der Mondsichel auf der Vorderseite. Kaiser Aurelianus versucht 274 n. Chr. eine Reform des zwischenzeitlich zur Kupferm\u00fcnze abgesunkenen Doppeldenares (auch Aurelianus genannt). Die dort in Erscheinung tretenden Wertkennzeichen XX I bzw. K A (20 zu 1) sind in ihrer Bedeutung noch umstritten (gleich 20 Sesterzen bzw. 5 Denare oder doch eher Hinweis auf Feingehalt (20 unedle Teile auf eines aus Silber)). Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus endete die Geschichte des Doppeldenares. Die Bezeichnung \u201eAntoninianus\u201c (abgeleitet vom offiziellen Namen des Caracalla) ist eine moderne Sch\u00f6pfung in Ermangelung einer \u00fcberlieferten antiken Bezeichnung.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 31. 36.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/774"},"date_last":"2022-12-11 17:52:22","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"68","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/68","region_name":"Germania","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"195","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/195","mint_name":"K\u00f6ln?","mint_name_de":"K\u00f6ln?","mint_name_en":"Cologne?","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/colonia_claudia_ara_agrippinensium","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247451"},{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"438","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/438","region_name":"Belgica","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"1124","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/1124","mint_name":"Trier?","mint_name_de":"Trier?","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/treveri","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247911"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"20 mm","die_axis":"7 h","weight":"3.02 g","accession":"","access_year":"2016","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"12.07.2016","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP C PI VICTORINVS AVG","image_description":"Panzerb\u00fcste des Victorinus (mit Portr\u00e4tz\u00fcgen des Marius) n. r. mit Strahlenkrone, auf der l. Schulter Zipfel des Paludamentum.","foto_date":"2016-07-20","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"9","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n0\/568\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1484322929,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID568. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID568. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"AEQVITAS AVG","image_description":"Aequitas steht n. l., h\u00e4lt in der vorgestreckten r. Hand eine Waage und im l. Arm ein F\u00fcllhorn.","foto_date":"2016-07-20","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"9","photographer_name":"Robert Dylka","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n0\/568\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/archaeologie.uni-muenster.de\/ikmk\/image\/ID568\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1484322929,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID568. Aufnahme durch Robert Dylka.","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. M\u00fcnster, Arch\u00e4ologisches Museum der Universit\u00e4t, ID568. Photographs by Robert Dylka."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"Mairat 664-668 Nr. 639 (\"Cologne\", Emission 1, Phase 1, Mitte 269 n. Chr.); RIC V,2 (Victorinus) Nr. 41 (\"Southern mint\", ca. 269-271 n. Chr.). Siehe auch Elmer 70 Nr. 701 (\"Trier\", 2. Emission, fr\u00fche Phase, Ende 268 bis Anfang 269 n. Chr.); Normanby 337 Nr. 1427 (\"mint II\" = Cologne). Zur Frage der Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tten, s. den Kommentar links unten unter dem Symbol der \"Gl\u00fchbirne\"<\/b>.","comment":"In den fr\u00fchesten Emissionen wird Victorinus noch mit Portr\u00e4tz\u00fcgen seines Vorg\u00e4ngers Marius dargestellt.\r\nDie Identifizierung der Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tten im sog. Gallischen Sonderreich, bzw. konkret die Trennung zwischen K\u00f6ln und Trier war lange umstritten. Durch die Auswertung von Hortfunden (Brauweiler, 2 x Trier) und arch\u00e4ologischen Befunden (die offizielle M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte in Trier konnte 2005 ergraben werden) aus dem Umfeld der beiden Pr\u00e4georte scheint sich in den letzten Jahrzehnte eine neue Zuweisung durchzusetzen. Demnach ist mindestens von 268-274 n. Chr. (anders als im RIC oder bei Elmer) die Hauptm\u00fcnze (\"mint I\") unter Victorinus in Trier; \"mint II\" dagegeben in K\u00f6ln zu verorten. Den Forschungsstand kritisch reflektierend und zusammenfassend: Mairat Gallic Empire S. 23-50 (Kapitel 2).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":null,"description_de":"30 v. - 283 n. Chr.","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/4"},"year_start":"268","year_end":"269","date_verbal":"268-269 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":84,"souce":"RIC V-2 Victorinus","number":"0041","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":316,"souce":"Elmer, Gall. 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